Journal of Climate Change and Pollution

ABSTRACT

Water scarcity, climate variability, and land degradation are among the principal environmental challenges affecting arid and semi-arid regions of Balochistan, Pakistan. In recent years, agricultural expansion along the upper bank of the Zhob River has increased due to improved groundwater availability associated with the Sabakzai Dam and the adoption of solar-powered irrigation systems. This case study examines how groundwater recharge, supported by river flow and reservoir storage, has contributed to the conversion of previously barren land into productive agricultural fields. The study integrates field observations, Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, and local community information to evaluate agricultural expansion within the study area. The research also investigates the contribution of solar-powered tube wells to sustainable irrigation by reducing dependence on diesel-powered pumping systems and lowering production costs. Findings from field observations indicate that increased groundwater availability has supported the establishment of orchards and vegetable cultivation, including apples, apricots, almond, tomato, onion, and garlic. The study demonstrates that the combined influence of Sabakzai Dam, the Zhob River, and renewable energy technologies has enhanced agricultural productivity, strengthened climate resilience, and improved rural livelihoods. The findings highlight the importance of integrated water resource management and nature-based approaches for sustainable agricultural development in the semi-arid landscapes of northern Balochistan.

Keywords: Agricultural Restoration; Zhob River; Sabakzai Dam; Groundwater Recharge; Solar Irrigation; GIS; GPS; Climate Change Adaptation; Nature-Based Solutions; Sustainable Agriculture; Balochistan; Pakistan