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Journal of Climate Change and Pollution

P e e r - R e v i e w e d  
Tri-Annual (Three issues per year)

ISSN: 3108-2025 (Online)
DOI Prefix (Crossref): 10.67238

Groundwater Utilization Quality and Treatment Method In Urban Areas
Research Article-Climate Change, Water Resources, and Sustainable Development, 2026 (September)
Groundwater Utilization Quality and Treatment Method In Urban Areas Download PDF

Gebrehiwet Hadush Hagos1,2*

1Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
2Department of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia

*Correspondence to: Gebrehiwet Hadush Hagos1,2, 1Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2Department of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia, E-mail:

Received: July 28, 2026; Manuscript No: JCCC-26-7862; Editor Assigned: July 31, 2026; PreQc No: JCCC-26-7862 (PQ); Reviewed: August 12, 2026; Revised: August 20, 2026; Manuscript No: JCCC-26-7862 (R); Published: September 07, 2026, DOI: 10.67238/jccc.2026.v2.si1.01

ABSTRACT

The major source of fresh water for the global population is groundwater and is used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. It is also the major sources of drinking water in many areas which is abstracted through groundwater utilization for private or public use. This study tries to review and assess groundwater utilization quality and provides treatment methods for water contaminates presentation. Groundwater quality includes physico-chemical and biological parameters which were equally assessed in twelve (12) different groundwater or borehole sources in Mekelle City, Tigray region northern Ethiopia. The physico-chemical parameters analyzed were Color, Temperature, pH, Turbidity, EC, TDS, Salinity, Iron total, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Total Alkalinity, Magnesium, Calcium, Calcium Hardness, Total Hardness, Fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, and Sulfate. The biological parameters analyzed were total coliforms count, and faecal coliforms counts. Obtained laboratory results of physico-chemical qualities of the groundwater sources when compared with the World Health Organization recommended value revealed that all boreholes are basic with pH value greater than 7.0 and there is evidence of microbial pollutions, hence need for treatment to avoid health risks involved with drinking the sources. Treatment methods for domestic groundwater utilization include pH adjustment of the pH level because this is indicating the water is basic high concentration of hydro oxide ions. using Carbon dioxide (C02), aluminum sulfate and sodium bisulfate to lower the pH; Aqualite and granular Manganese dioxide media are employed in the treatment of Iron and Hydrogen Sulfide respectively; Sodium bicarbonate media is utilized in reducing the concentration of calcium and Magnesium; chlorinator and ultra violet sterilizers are used to kill bacteria, and viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms that causes water borne diseases. Finally, one borehole is indicating its WQI unsuitable category for drinking.

Keywords: Groundwater Utilization; Groundwater Quality; Contaminants; Treatment Methods

Citation: Hagos GH (2026). Groundwater Utilization Quality and Treatment Method In Urban Areas. J. Clim. Change Pollut, Climate Change, Water Resources, and Sustainable Development, September (2026), pp:1-12.
Copyright: © 2026 Gebrehiwet Hadush Hagos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.