Addressing Research Misconduct
Research misconduct represents a fundamental betrayal of scientific
trust and is addressed with stringent, procedurally fair measures.
Categorization of Misconduct
- Fabrication: Inventing data or results and presenting them as
genuine.
- Falsification: Manipulating research materials, processes, or data
to distort the research record.
- Plagiarism: As comprehensively defined in plagiarism policy
- Image Manipulation: The inappropriate use of software to
misrepresent the original data captured in micrographs, gels, or other
visual evidence, beyond acceptable minor adjustments (e.g.,
brightness, contrast).
Procedural Framework for Investigation
- Confidential Preliminary Inquiry: The editorial team assesses the
allegation's plausibility and scope without disclosing the
informant's identity.
- Formal Evidence Solicitation: The corresponding author is formally
contacted and provided with all allegations, given a full opportunity
to present original data, protocols, and a point-by-point rebuttal.
- Adjudication and Escalation: If the response is unsatisfactory, a
formal investigation is launched, potentially involving the journal's
editorial board, independent subject-matter experts, and the authors'
host institution.
- Proportionate Corrective Actions: Confirmed misconduct leads to
sanctions ranging from correction notices and retractions to permanent
bans and institutional notification, proportionate to the severity of
the offense.
