Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology

ABSTRACT

Rapid population growth, industrialization, and climate change have profoundly altered agricultural systems. It also intensify the demand for increased food and fiber production and simultaneously placing severe stress on natural ecosystems. Conventional agricultural practices are heavily dependent on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, have contributed to reduce the quality of soil, increase water pollution and long-term environmental damage. This surely emphasized for the need of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and increasing abiotic and biotic stresses have further reduced crop yield and nutritional quality, making traditional farming methods inadequate to meet future demands. Sustainable agriculture emphasizes reduced chemical inputs, efficient use of natural resources, and the adoption of biodegradable inputs such as biofertilizers and biopesticides to restore ecosystem health. In this context, biotechnological approaches including genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and advanced genome-editing tools like CRISPR—Cas offers promising solutions for developing high-yielding, nutrient-rich, and stress-tolerant crops. Innovations such as herbicide-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties, along with biofortification strategies exemplified by Golden Rice, demonstrate the potential of biotechnology to enhance food security while minimizing environmental impact. Biotechnology-driven sustainable agriculture can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, promote economic development, and ensure long-term agricultural resilience.

Keywords: Climate Change; Crop Productivity; Environmental Sustainability; CRISPR-Cas; Next generation super crop.