Cancer Genomics and Epigenetics explore how both genetic and non-genetic changes contribute to the development and behavior of cancer. Cancer genomics investigates alterations in DNA, such as mutations, gene duplications, or deletions, that disrupt normal cellular control mechanisms and lead to tumor formation. These genetic variations are key to understanding cancer types and designing treatments tailored to individual patients. In contrast, epigenetics focuses on modifications that affect gene activity without changing the DNA sequence itself such as DNA methylation, histone changes, and regulatory RNA molecules. These epigenetic shifts can either promote or suppress cancer, often working alongside genetic mutations. Together, insights from genomics and epigenetics enable more precise cancer diagnosis, early detection, and the development of targeted, personalized therapies that improve patient outcomes.