Hematologic and Pediatric Oncology focuses on cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system, as well as malignancies occurring in children. Hematologic oncology includes conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Research in this area explores genetic mutations, immune system dysfunctions, and advanced therapies like bone marrow transplants and CAR-T cell treatments. Early diagnosis and targeted approaches have significantly improved survival rates. Pediatric oncology addresses childhood cancers, including brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and Wilms tumor. Since children's cancers differ biologically from adult cancers, treatment requires specialized protocols to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Supportive care, long-term monitoring, and psychosocial support are critical in managing pediatric cases. Together, these fields aim to improve outcomes, minimize side effects, and enhance the quality of life for patients of all ages.