Balance & Vestibular Disorders involve dysfunction of the inner ear and central nervous system pathways that regulate balance, spatial orientation, and coordination. Common conditions include vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, and persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Symptoms often include dizziness, unsteadiness, nausea, and difficulty with movement or concentration. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment, videonystagmography (VNG), vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP), posturography, and imaging studies. Treatment options range from vestibular rehabilitation therapy and medication to canalith repositioning maneuvers and surgical intervention for refractory cases. Ongoing research explores the neuroplasticity of the vestibular system, wearable balance aids, and the role of anxiety in chronic dizziness. Comprehensive care improves mobility, safety, and quality of life for affected individuals.