Journal of Robotics, Automation and Smart Systems

Anas Asim¹, Sarfraz Shoukat², Rayyan Qaisar³, Ahmed Kadhim Zarzoor⁴, Naji Ullah⁵, Abdul Ghaffar⁵, Ahmed Imtiaj⁶, Muhammad Mubashir^7*, Muhammad Shoaib Ur Rehman⁷ and Chaudhry Umer⁸

¹Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
²Trine university, 1881 campus commons dr, Reston, VA 20191, United States
³Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan
⁴Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Al-Qadisiyah, 58001, Iraq
⁵Mechanical Engineering Department, 250 North Terrace, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
⁶School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang, China
⁷Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
⁸Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan

*Correspondence to: Muhammad Mubashir, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan, E-mail:

Received: December 22, 2025; Manuscript No: JRAS-25-8825; Editor Assigned: December 26, 2025; PreQc No: JRAS-25-8825 (PQ); Reviewed: January 02, 2026; Revised: January 11, 2026; Manuscript No: JRAS-25-8825 (R); Published: January 30, 2026