Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health

ABSTRACT

Background

Pediatric trauma remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where specialized pediatric surgical services are often scarce. In many such settings, general surgeons serve as the primary providers for injured children. This review examines the epidemiology of pediatric trauma in developing countries, the critical role played by general surgeons, the unique physiologic and anatomic considerations in children, challenges faced in resource-limited environments, and proposes strategies to strengthen pediatric trauma care via empowering general surgeons through training, system adaptation, and collaborative care models.

Severe blunt abdominal trauma with associated renal vascular injury is rare in infants and carries significant morbidity. Early recognition and prompt multidisciplinary management are critical for survival and organ preservation.

Case Summary

We report the case of an 8-month-old male infant who sustained multisystem injuries following a road traffic accident involving an e-rickshaw. The child presented with altered sensorium and excessive crying. Neuroimaging revealed microhemorrhages consistent with diffuse axonal injury. Abdominal imaging demonstrated Grade III liver laceration and Grade IV right renal injury with renal artery narrowing, renal vein thrombosis, and extensive renal infarction. The child required blood transfusion, intensive monitoring, and referral for tertiary-level pediatric nephrology and trauma care.

Keywords: Pediatric Trauma; Renal Vascular Injury; Diffuse Axonal Injury; Blunt Abdominal Trauma; Case Report; Care Guidelines