Pediatric oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in children and adolescents. Childhood cancers differ from adult cancers in type, behavior, and response to treatment, requiring specialized care. Common pediatric cancers include leukemia, brain tumors, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and bone cancers such as osteosarcoma. Treatment often involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and sometimes stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical for improving survival rates and reducing long-term complications. Pediatric oncologists work closely with a multidisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care tailored to each child’s needs. Emotional and psychological support for both patients and families is an essential part of care. Advances in research and therapies continue to improve outcomes and quality of life for children