Biomolecular interactions refer to the various ways in which biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids interact with each other to carry out essential cellular functions. These interactions are fundamental to processes like enzyme activity, DNA replication, transcription, signal transduction, and immune responses. They can be transient or stable, specific or nonspecific, and are often mediated by forces such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects, and van der Waals forces. Studying these interactions helps in understanding how molecular complexes form, how cells communicate, and how biological pathways are regulated. Techniques like X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking are used to analyze these interactions. Insights gained from biomolecular interactions are critical for drug discovery, biotechnology, and understanding disease mechanisms at the molecular level.