Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that aims to understand the roles, relationships, and interactions of genes and their products within the genome. Unlike traditional genomics, which focuses on sequencing and mapping, functional genomics seeks to determine how genes contribute to biological processes and phenotypes. It uses high-throughput technologies such as RNA sequencing, microarrays, CRISPR-based gene editing, and proteomics to study gene expression, regulation, and function on a genome-wide scale. Functional genomics helps identify gene networks, pathways, and regulatory elements involved in health and disease. It plays a critical role in discovering disease mechanisms, drug targets, and personalized medicine strategies. By linking genotype to phenotype, functional genomics provides a comprehensive understanding of how genes operate in complex biological systems and respond to environmental changes.