Earth science provides the foundational knowledge necessary for developing effective climate policies by offering insights into the planet’s systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Through disciplines such as climatology, geology, oceanography, and geophysics, earth scientists analyze patterns of climate variability, assess natural hazards, and model future environmental scenarios. This scientific understanding is critical for informing evidence-based climate policies aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate impacts, and managing natural resources sustainably. Data from earth observation systems, satellite monitoring, and geospatial analysis support accurate forecasting and risk assessments, enabling governments and organizations to implement targeted interventions. By bridging science and policy, earth science plays a central role in shaping global climate agreements, national action plans, and resilience strategies that address the complex challenges of climate change while promoting long-term environmental and societal well-being.