Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are atmospheric gases that trap heat and contribute to the Earth's natural greenhouse effect, which is essential for maintaining a habitable climate. However, the excessive accumulation of certain GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases due to human activities has intensified this effect, leading to global warming and climate change. These gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, preventing heat from escaping into space and thus warming the lower atmosphere. Major sources include fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, land-use changes, and industrial processes. Monitoring and reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a central goal of international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, and health impacts. Scientific advancements in emission tracking, renewable energy, and carbon capture technologies are vital in addressing the growing challenge of greenhouse gas-induced climate change.