Waste management encompasses the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste materials generated by human activity, with the goal of minimizing environmental impact and promoting public health. As global populations grow and consumption increases, effective waste management has become a critical component of sustainable development. Modern waste management strategies include waste segregation, recycling, composting, energy recovery through waste-to-energy technologies, and safe landfill practices. The shift from linear to circular economy models emphasizes resource recovery, material reuse, and minimizing landfill dependency. Innovations such as smart waste monitoring, biotechnological treatment methods, and zero-waste initiatives are transforming waste into valuable resources. Addressing challenges like hazardous waste handling, plastic pollution, and electronic waste requires integrated policy frameworks, public awareness, and cross-sector collaboration. Sustainable waste management not only protects ecosystems but also supports economic growth and environmental resilience.