Exosomes & Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano- to micro-sized membrane-bound vesicles released by cells, playing vital roles in intercellular communication, tissue repair, and disease modulation. Exosomes (30–150 nm) originate from endosomal pathways, while microvesicles and apoptotic bodies arise from plasma membrane budding. These vesicles carry bioactive cargo such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and microRNAs, influencing target cells in both local and distant tissues. In regenerative medicine, EVs derived from stem cells have shown promise in modulating inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing tissue regeneration without the risks associated with direct cell transplantation. They are also being explored as biomarkers for diagnostics and as delivery vehicles in gene and drug therapy. Advancements aim to optimize isolation, characterization, and therapeutic application of EVs for clinical use.