Journal of Climate Change and Pollution

ABSTRACT

In the Kavango regions of Namibia, limited access to clean and safe water presents not only a public health concern but also a critical safety risk. Communities living along the Kavango River (Okavango River) rely heavily on untreated river water for daily needs such as drinking, cooking, and washing. This dependency exposes residents particularly women and children to frequent and potentially fatal encounters with crocodiles.

This paper examines the direct link between water scarcity, inadequate rural water infrastructure, and increased vulnerability to crocodile attacks. It highlights how the absence of reliable alternatives, such as boreholes and piped water systems, forces communities into unsafe interactions with natural water sources. The study further identifies contributing factors including climate variability, population growth, slow implementation of water supply projects, and limited awareness of safety practices.

The paper argues that the issue extends beyond environmental and wildlife concerns, reflecting broader challenges of inequality, infrastructure gaps, and governance. It proposes a set of integrated interventions, including the expansion of safe water access, improved safety measures at riverbanks, community education, and strengthened institutional response.

Ultimately, addressing water access in the Kavango regions of Namibia is essential not only for improving livelihoods but for safeguarding human life. A coordinated approach that combines infrastructure development with behavioral change can significantly reduce risks and contribute to sustainable and secure water management in vulnerable communities.

Keywords: Water Scarcity; Rural Water Access; Crocodile Attacks; Human-Wildlife Conflict; Water Safety; Kavango Regions; Kavango River; Climate Variability; Water Infrastructure; Community Vulnerability; Public Safety; Namibia