Cardiovascular medicine encompasses the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels. It integrates molecular biology, clinical research, and advanced therapeutics to address conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension. The field has evolved rapidly with the advent of precision medicine, interventional cardiology, and regenerative therapies. This review highlights the key pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and recent advances in cardiovascular medicine aimed at improving patient outcomes and reducing global disease burden.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Medicine; Coronary Artery Disease; Heart Failure; Arrhythmia; Hypertension; Biomarkers; Interventional Cardiology
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