Journal of Cardiology and Heart Failure

ABSTRACT

Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide, imposing a growing burden on health systems and societies. Its global prevalence continues to rise due to population aging, increasing rates of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, and improved survival following acute cardiovascular events [1]. Among its clinical phenotypes, Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction has emerged as the fastest-growing subtype, characterized by impaired ventricular relaxation and filling despite relatively preserved systolic function. This condition is strongly associated with aging, metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and structural cardiac remodeling, yet effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited [2]. The burden of heart failure is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries, where restricted access to evidence-based treatments, limited infrastructure, and workforce shortages exacerbate health inequities [3]. These disparities highlight the need for integrated global strategies that address both clinical and structural determinants of disease.

Beyond traditional risk factors, emerging evidence underscores the contribution of environmental exposures, socioeconomic conditions, and genetic susceptibility to heart failure development and progression. Expanding genomic and DNA-based research offers opportunities to identify molecular pathways, susceptibility variants, and precision-targeted therapeutic strategies that may improve early detection, risk stratification, and individualized treatment. Addressing the global burden of heart failure aligns with international priorities to reduce noncommunicable diseases and advance equitable healthcare delivery, as emphasized by the World Health Organization [4]. By integrating epidemiology, health disparities, and genomic research frontiers, this review provides a framework for coordinated international action to reduce disease burden and advance sustainable cardiovascular health worldwide.

Keywords: Heart Failure; Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction; Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction; Epidemiology; Global Burden; Health Disparities; Low- And Middle-Income Countries; Precision Medicine; DNA Research