Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, renowned for its extraordinary physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. As the thinnest and strongest material known, graphene exhibits remarkable electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, exceptional mechanical strength, and transparency. These properties make it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, photonics, biomedical engineering, and composite materials. Its large surface area and tunable surface chemistry also enhance its potential in drug delivery and environmental remediation. Despite challenges in large-scale production and integration, advances in synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid-phase exfoliation are accelerating the commercial viability of graphene-based technologies. As research continues to evolve, graphene remains at the forefront of next-generation materials science and nanotechnology innovation.