Nanoscience and nanotechnology are interdisciplinary fields focused on understanding, manipulating, and engineering materials and systems at the nanometer scale typically between 1 and 100 nanometers. Nanoscience investigates the fundamental principles and phenomena that emerge at the nanoscale, where quantum effects and surface-dominated behaviors often lead to novel physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanotechnology translates this knowledge into practical applications, enabling the design and fabrication of innovative products and devices across sectors such as medicine, electronics, energy, environmental science, and materials engineering. From targeted drug delivery and nanosensors to quantum dots and flexible electronics, the integration of nanoscience with advanced fabrication and characterization techniques has revolutionized modern technology. As research continues to expand the capabilities of manipulating matter at the atomic level, nanoscience and nanotechnology remain at the forefront of scientific advancement, driving solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges.