Cancer genomics focuses on understanding the genetic alterations that drive the development, progression, and treatment resistance of various cancers. By analyzing mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, gene amplifications, and epigenetic changes, researchers can identify the molecular mechanisms that transform normal cells into malignant ones. This knowledge enables the classification of tumors based on their genomic profiles, rather than solely on tissue origin, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer genomics plays a crucial role in discovering targeted therapies and developing personalized treatment plans, as specific mutations can predict how a tumor will respond to particular drugs. Liquid biopsies and next-generation sequencing have improved early detection and real-time monitoring of tumor evolution. Overall, cancer genomics enhances precision oncology by guiding therapeutic choices, reducing overtreatment, and improving patient outcomes through deeper molecular insights.