Population genomics examines the genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and disease susceptibility of large groups of individuals. By analyzing genome-wide variations across populations, researchers can uncover patterns of adaptation, migration, and natural selection that shape human health. This field helps identify genetic risk factors unique to specific populations, improving disease prediction models and guiding personalized medicine on a global scale. Population genomics also plays a crucial role in understanding complex diseases influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Large-scale genomic consortia and biobank projects have expanded knowledge about underrepresented populations, reducing health disparities and improving the accuracy of genomic research.