Gene therapy aims to treat or prevent diseases by modifying or correcting defective genes within a patient’s cells. Using techniques such as viral vectors, CRISPR gene editing, and RNA-based delivery systems, gene therapy can restore normal cellular function, replace missing proteins, or silence harmful mutations. This innovative field has shown significant promise in inherited disorders, including muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, immune deficiencies, and certain forms of blindness. In oncology, gene therapy approaches modify immune cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells, revolutionizing cancer treatment. As technologies advance, gene therapy is moving toward safer, more targeted, and long-lasting treatments.